Negligible fade rates over thousands of cycles and years of operation.Modular design that can be customized to meet specific customer needs.Other advantages of liquid metal batteries include: “This enables our systems to have a projected lifespan of over 15 years with no degradation in performance,” states Ambri. “The all-liquid design also avoids cycle-to-cycle capacity fade because the electrodes are reconstituted with each charge.”Įxtensive laboratory testing on over 2,500 cells with a cumulative test time of 600,000 hours and 100,000 cycles shows that the all-liquid cell design avoids the main failure mechanisms experienced by solid components in other battery technologies. “Liquid electrodes offer a robust alternative to solid electrodes, avoiding common failure mechanisms of conventional batteries, such as electrode particle cracking,” states Ambri on its website. When recharging, power from an external source pushes electrons in the opposite direction, pulling magnesium from the alloy and redepositing it back onto the top layer. Internally, this causes magnesium ions to pass through the salt and attach to the antimony ions, forming a magnesium-antimony alloy. When discharging the battery, the cell voltage drives electrons from the magnesium electrode and delivers power to the external load, after which the electrons return back into the antimony electrode. When a liquid metal battery cell is at operating temperature, potential energy exists between the two electrodes, creating a cell voltage. The commercialized product will use a 6-inch square. The system operates at an elevated temperature maintained by self-heating during charging and discharging, resulting in a low-cost and long-lasting storage system. Two liquid electrodes (magnesium and antimony) are separated by a molten salt electrolyte the liquid layers float on top of each other based on density differences and immiscibility. The system is different from other storage options on the market because it is the only battery where all three active components are in liquid form when the battery operates. The battery is based on research conducted by co-founder Donald Sadoway at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “The market opportunity for grid-scale energy storage is large, growing, and global,” says Phil Giudice, CEO and president of Ambri, a start-up company in Massachusetts that is developing an innovative battery system that relies on molten metal for storing energy. Companies are scrambling to develop scalable battery solutions that can stabilize these grids by increasing energy efficiency and storage capacity. This is especially true for aging power grids that are overworked and have problems meeting peak energy demands. Battery storage capacity is an increasingly critical factor for reliable and efficient energy transmission and storage-from small personal devices to systems as large as power grids.
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